Taiwanese venenosa and their attributes
Taiwan is located in a sub-tropical region featuring humid and warm weather, hilly and mountainous, stream-strung topography, where both flora and fauna prosper and boom, and it is home to the snake species for growth and reproduction. Clinically there are six kinds of venomous snake, venenosa, deserving more attention for they bite more often than others the human being and that with a greater venom. They are: cobra, umbrella knotty, red-tailed bamboo snake, turtle shell, hundred-step and serrure viper, with the exception of the serrure viper which settles overridingly in the mountainous areas in the south and eastern part of Taiwan, all the other five major species of venomous snake can be found all across Taiwan, differing only in quantity from place to place. As to clinical manifestation on the individual after a bite, in the case of cobra and umbrella knotty, whose venom is of the neuro-intoxicant type, the spot bitten will become numb and debilitated, suffer from bodywise muscular debility manifested in droopy eyelid, blurred vision, dysphagia and respiratory exhaustion; whereas in the case of the other four species, the venom is of the hemorrhagic type, the spot bitten will swell, inspissate blood locally, bleed, yield grave pain, bodywise impact includes decrease of platlets and organ bleeding. A bite by a cobra will also incur tumescence around the wound and necrosis of tissue.

What to do after a bite?
All the six different species of venomous snake mentioned in the foregoing are unique in outlook and color which can be told with ease, with the exception of serrure viper and turtle shell, both being ambiguous with each other, once bitten as long as you remain calm and not flustered, you can tell of the size and motley feature of the murderer snake, because snake as a rule doesn’t move quickly, way out of its head to attack with a bite measures about but one third of its full body length, so, a snake having just made a bite of a victim should still be somewhere around not far away from where it had been, and for that reason should be easily located, still the victim should remain on the spot without fluttering about, or the venom would soon spread around the body through the circulatory system and bring about miserable result. Any binding item attached to the limb on which the bite is made, such as ring, bracelet, wristwatch, should be detached as soon as possible, failing that the limb once swollen but being bound still, will have its neural transmission and blood circulation blocked to result in impaired functioning that might wind up having to have the limb truncated eventually. Also note that the ailing limb must be maintained at a level beneath the heart position so that venom be checked slow in its passage through circulation around the body. Don’t apply ice compressing of the wound because that would result in localized necrosis of tissue; don’t wash the wound with unclean water, because that would bring about bacterial infection of the wound; don’t drink liquor, because alcohol can speed up local blood circulation and that occasioning rapid assimilation of the venom.
Way from entry via the local wound, venom will be largely assimilated in a time as short as approx. 30 minutes, to reduce this assimilation, alleviate the venenosity symptoms and win time for forwarding to the hospital, the best possible first aid would be the flexible bandage bundling method, which is the least challenged method up to the present time. For application it is quite simple and convenient, using a flexible bandage bind way from the wound spot upwardly (close to the heart) so that the entire limb is wrapped up to a tightness comparable with that as would be applied to a case of articulatory sprain, when the binding is done, fix the limb with a splinter (leg) or with a pennant towel (arm), where a standard flexible bandage is not readily available, use instead garter or contractile pants, shorts or fabric tissue, when the bundling is done, send the patient to a hospital ASAP.
The number one mortality cause resultant from bites by venomous snake in Taiwan is umbrella knotty, by which a bite can bring the victim to death in a short while due to breath exhaustion. So, while the victim is being delivered en route to a hospital symptom of  breathing difficulties evinces, the victim should be sent to the nearest hospital instead for respiratory first aid, this including artificial respiration and necessary intubation, the victim will then be transferred to a hospital furnished with anti-venenosa serum for further treatment, this is a sure way to reduce mortality due to sudden bite by an umbrella knotty snake.

Prevention precedes therapy
In Taiwan, injury due to venenosa bites occurs mainly March through November in a year, in the hot summer vacation period July through September, proportional to increased outdoor activities, the most snake bite incidents are reported, the only sure way of getting rid of a bite by a venenosa snake, of course to avoid getting a bite by it.
When you are going to engage in activities in places likes hill sides, thickets, shrubbery, or weedy bushed where venenosa will penetrate from time to time, be advised to wear the trousers, put on gloves, thickly-bound shoes, and be careful all the while. Before you give it a good look, don’t stretch your hands into a hollow tree, a thick thicket, or go moving stones. When you are on the point of crossing a stone or a log or climbing rocky precipices, be mindful if there is a viper perched at rest on the other side. When entering a bamboo snake overhead. Since at nighttime the visibility is barely acceptable, there is no sure way of avoiding venomous snakes, there is no telling as to how to identify them. It is never a good idea to participate in open air outdoor activities at night. Houses built in the suburb should be installed with gauze door and gauze windows, the weeds, shrubs in the neighborhood should be eradicated to deprive the venenosa of their hideouts. One last word of advise, when going for camping in a season when the snakes are on the go and mobile, the periphery of the camping premises should be spread with lime, and sufficient flexible bandages must be kept handy to serve in case of need.